Controlled temperature bearing



June 27, 1944. KENDALL 2,352,206

CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE BEARING Filed Feb. 7, 1942 ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 27,1944

uNrrEo STATES PATENT OFFICE CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE-BEARING George H.Kendall, Noroton Heights, Conn. ApplicationFebi'uary 1, 1942, Serial No.429,879

, drawing forming a part of this speciflcatiomit Claims.

This invention relates to an antifriction hearing, particularly to thistype of bearing and a temperature control means for controlling thetemperature of the bearing, and has for an object to provide an improvedantifriction bearing with a construction for controlling the temperaturethereof which will be more efiicient and less complicated than similartypes of construction now generally employed.

It is also an object to provide a construction in which the bearing maybe either heated or cooled depending on the application for which it isused and the conditions as to temperature under which it is to operate,such for example as outdoor year-around application, examples of whichare railway signal control systems, boats, automotive trafiic,airplanes, etc., that are required to function perfectly in the hottestweather or in belowzero winter weather for days at a time.

A further object is to provide a controlled temperature bearing ofsimplified construction which will eliminate the multiplicity ofchucking errors in the manufacture and mounting of the standard type ofantii'riction bearing now generally employed, and particularly to form aconstruction of this type of bearing in which the supporting andlocating surfaces for the hearing are in exact radial and axialconcentric alignment with the bearing raceway surfaces.

Another object is to provide a construction in which the errors ofeccentricity and of wobble of each of a plurality of parts required inthe standard bearing are eliminated.

A further object is to provide a construction in which a large number ofthe many machining operations in making the bearing and housing or framefits, etc., are greatly reduced or eliminated, thus greatly reducing thenumber of parts required for making the complete assembly as well asreducing the time required for making and assembling, and therefor notonly increasing the accuracy with a much smaller percentage ofrejections but also greatly reducing the cost of the bearing and itsassembly in the housing or frame structure of the machine or apparatuswith which it is used.

A still further object is to provide a construction of controlledtemperature bearing which is so constructed that the heat transfer'between the rolling elements and their raceway and the temperaturecontrol medium is greatly improved and facilitated over oldconstructions.

With the foregoing and other objects in view I have devised aconstruction several embodiments my prior applications Serial No.357,107, filed September 17, 1940, and Ser. No. 408,267, filed August25, 1941.-

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an antifriction bearing constructedaccording to my invention and showing diagrammatically one form of heatexchange mechanism for maintaining the proper temperature for thtemperature control medium employed in the bearing;

Fig. 2 is a similar section of one portion of the bearing showing aslight modification;

Fig. 3 is a similar section showing a different form of heat controlmeans, and

Fig. 4 is a similar section illustrating another form of temperaturecontrol means.

The present standardized antifriction bearing construction consists oftwo special alloy steel rings between which the rolling elements run andhardened and normalized to produce an extremely hard surface for theballs or other rolling elements to roll upon in carrying the load. Thisextreme degree of hardness was found to be of first importance to carrythe rated load of the bearing and as necessary to prevent damage to thering raceways 'by denting from the ball or roller, or by imprinting fromthem through rough handling or abuse of the equipment in which thebearing was mounted. This will :be readily apparent when it is realizedthat there is a very small area of the ball or roller in contact with thraceway surface which must carry the load imposed.

The manufacture of these bearings involves turning the bearing rings ofvery tough steel from heavy bars, forgings or from very heavy steeltubes, with a waste of nearly one-half or over (depending on the size)of the weight of the steel in chips, cut-oil ends, etc. Furthermore theyrequire many additional finishing operations, including a large numberof chucking operations as well as actual work on the metal surfaces tobring the piece to the finished size.

The mounting of such bearings in the housing or frame of a machine orother apparatus comprises a complicated construction involving a numberof parts which require a number of chuckof which are illustrated in theaccompanying 5s ing and other operations. Not only in manufacturing butalso in assembling, these multiple operations introduce many errors andvariables, such for example as those of wobble and eccentricity, whichare cumulative and show up in the finished assembly. They make it verydim-- cult to assure'exact alignment of the bearing ring and accuratemounting of the bearing in the housing or frame in relation to the otherparts. Also in the mountings used for such bearings it is difficult toincorporate temperature control means, and particularly to locate suchmeans sufiiciently near to the raceway ring to secure efiective andefiicient heat transfer, and even if sufilcient space were available forapplication of a temperature control means, the available structures areextremely complicated and cannot be applied in such manner as to secureefiicient and satisfactory operation.

My invention eliminates the greater proportion of these variations anddifficulties both in manufacturing and assembling. It also provides aconstruction in which temperature control means may be incoporatedclosely adiacent the raceway ring and the rolling elements, and also inwhich the heat transfer from the rolling elements and the raceway ringis greatly improved and facilitated and therefore is much more efilcientthan is possible with the standard solid bearing.

I have found that a raceway surface can be provided and maintaned atthe: present necessary degree of hardness in a ring of the special toughsteel of a thickness, as provided by the stress formulas of Streibeckand Hertz, to carry the rolling load, and that the small balance of theusual size bearing ring shape can be made of softer and more readilyworkable material than the tough machining alloy steel at present usedin the solid bearing members, as the load carried by the raceway ringwould be distributed over large areas. Because of this construction the.emaining portion of the bearing carrying the raceway ring can be formedor molded and thus extended to the shape and size of the mounting forthe bearing, which may be directly located and mounted on the housing ofthe motor or generator, or machine housing or frame. This remainingportion of the bearing can also be constructed to incorporate the heattransfer means closely adjacent the raceway ring providing better andmore uniform heat transfer and therefore better and more uniform controlof the temperature of the bearing.

This raceway ring of tough hardened steel or similar material can becast or molded in a supporting or mounting ring member which is alsoformed to provide a mounting or locating face or surface accuratelylocated with respect to the sur-' face of the raceway for the rollingelements. This mounting face or surface may be seated on and accuratelyaligned and located on an accurately located mounting surface on thehousing or frame of the machine or other apparatus, so that the simpleoperation of placing this ring assembly and mounting it on such surfaceon the housing or frame may be easily and quickly performed, and willinsure accurate and proper locating and aligning of the bearing, andparticularly the raceway for the rolling elements, in the housing orframe and in relation to the other elements of the machine or apparatus.This cast or molded supporting member may also have incorporated in itthe heat transfer means for controlling the temperature of the healing.The raceway ring of tough hardened steel or similar material can be ringmember in a die casting machine, plastic molding machine, by thepermanent mold method or the centrifugal mold method, to produce anintegral bearing ring structure which may be directly mounted andaccurately located in the housing frame or other support and having aninsert raceway ring of the necessary hardness and toughness. Thispermits the use of softer and cheaper material for the cast or molded orotherwise formed ring support, and the insert raceway ring of toughhardened steel or similar material can be cast or molded into thismaterial or otherwise permanently bonded thereto and properly andaccurately positioned and anchored in or bonded to the supportingmaterial by the casting and molding operations, or bonded by some othermeans to a preformed supporting and mounting ring, such for example ascopper brazing in a controlled atmosphere. At the same time the conduitsor supports for the heat transfer medium may be cast or molded in thisbacking or supporting member. This construction eliminates a largenumber of chucking and finishing operations required in making thestandard antifriction bearing, insuring greater accuracy with lessdifficulty and liability of error, particularly the proper locating ofthe raceway for the rolling elements with respect to the finishedsurfaces of the housing, giving a better and more reliable constructionand one which can be manufactured and assembled at less cost. Aparticular advantage is that the heat transfer means may b made anintegral part of the backing and supporting member and located closelyadjacent the raceway ring for more uniform and efiicient heat transfer.The fact that the ring is permanently bonded to the material of thebacking and supporting member, particularly where there is a fused bond.permits the highest degree of rapid heat transfer to take place and muchmore rapid and emcient transfer than where the members are not sobonded.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the bearing shown com: prises the raceway ortrack ring 5 having a raceway or track 8 for the rolling elements, suchas in this case balls 1, although of course any desired type ofantifriction bearing may be used, such for example as fiat orcylindrical rollers, tapered, thrust or any other type. as may best besuited to the particular application. This ring is mounted in andsupported by the backing up and supporting member 8 to which the ring 5is permanently bonded. The ring 5 is ordinarily made of the specialtough steel alloys now generally employed for the ring members of thestandard ball and roller bearing and which can be treated to give thenecessary hardness to the surface on which the rolling elements roll.These rings can be cut from steel tubing of the proper size and formedto shape, or they may be made from strip steel rolled into a circle andwelded at the abutting ends to make a one-piece solid ring, or made fromflat wire or sheet or seamless swaged or welded pipe or tubing, whichillustrates some of the possible forms of fabrication. They can also bemade by cold forming, by hot or cold steel fused at the ends to make afully continuous ring, by stamping. turning, or forging methods, etc.,as may best lend itself to the particular size, quantity, application,or condition of manufacture.

The ring is properly finished and hardened and is then held in theproper location in a mold by suitable holding and locating means and theother cast or molded in the supporting or mounting 7:; material formingthe backing and supporting material of the member 8 is poured into themold about the ring with a suitable pressure. This material may be castor molded about the ring in any suitable manner, such for example as indiecast molds in die-casting machines, suitable molds in plastic moldingmachines, by casting in permanent molds, by casting by centrifugal moldmethods, or powdered metal pressure molding or casting. It is preferredthat the surface of the insert ring at the opposite side from therolling track or raceway for the balls or other rolling elements beknurled or otherwise roughened as indicated at 9 so that the cast ormolded material will run into the depressions into the knurled orroughened surface to form a better bond between the insert raceway ringand the backing up or mounting material. Thus the raceway ring ispermanently bonded to the backing and supporting ring section so that itcannot be shifted or removed, and there is also a certain amount offused bonding between'the contacting surfaces, the depth of fusingdepending on the materials used.

Another way in which the ring may be mounted and permanently bonded tothe backing and supporting section is by preforming the section andsecuring the ring thereto through copper brazing in a controlled orneutral atmosphere, as described in the prior applications above noted.This also makes a fused bond between the members, and the fused bond,both in the casting and latter methods greatly facilitates the transferof heat between the two members, which is a material advantage of thisconstruction as employed in the controlled temperature bearingstructures.

The backing and supporting member 8 includes a body or circular ringsection In and suitable mounting extensions such for example as a flangeportion ll integral with the central portion Ill and projectinglaterally therefrom in the proper position and properly shaped formounting the bearing on any suitable supporting member such as a housingor frame of a machine or other apparatus indicated at i2 and securedthereto by any suitable means, such as the bolts l3. This portion l Ihas a mounting face or surface I4, and also in addition if desiredanother surface l5, accurately positioned and aligned with respect tothe insert ring 5 and particularly the raceway or track surface l6, andthis accurate relative location and alignment of these surfaces can bereadily secured and maintained in the molding or casting operation withpractically no finishing operation. The assembled bearing can be quicklyand accurately mounted in the frame or other supporting member [2 bymerely placing the member 8 on the surface I6 of this support andsecuring it thereto by the securing means. The surface 16 in the frameor support is accurately located and aligned with the axis of the shaftH as may also be the surface l8, although if desired there may be aclearance between the surfaces l5 and I8 so that the surfaces I4 and I6are relied on for accurately locating the bearing, in which case thesurfaces l5 and i8 would require only rough finishing and would act as arough centering means for the bearing at the time of assembling. Thebored surface 16 (and also l8 if desired) is in accurate and exactalignment with the desired location of the shaft and with respect toother members or parts of the machine or mechanism with which it isused. Therefore when the bearing is mounted or assembled on the supportit is automatically accurately located and aligned with respect to theshaft, the support and other elements.

An important part of the present construction is means incorporated inthe bearing for controlling the temperature thereof. Cast or moldedwithin the member 8' are temperature control coils [9, these coils beingalso bonded at their outer surfaces to the material of the member 8 by athin fused bonding during the molding or casting operation, which alsogreatly facilitates the transfer of heat between these coils and thematerial of the member 8. It will be seen these coils can be locatedclosely adjacent the raceway ring 5 so that the highest degree of rapidheat transfer may take place. They could be located in the inner ringsection 20 of the bearing, but as the outer ring section 8 provides amuch greater surface to assure rapid heat transfer and more space isavailable for this member, it is preferred to place them in this outermember. The ends of the coils l9 indicated at 2! and 22 may be connectedto outside tubing or pipe 23 and 24 or associated parts as desired forthe particular design to complete the flow circuit for adding orremoving heat, depending on the conditions of operation. Thus in thedrawing is shown a heat exchange device 25 of any suitable type to whichthe pipes 23 and 24 are connected and through which the heating orcooling medium ma be circulated by a pump 26. If it is a cooling mediumfor cooling the bearing, cool air may be circulated over the heatexchanger 25 by any suitable fan 2'! operated by a motor 28,or if it isto heat the bearing some heating fluid may be circulated through theheat exchanger, or it could be heated by a burner, electric heating unitor other heating means, as will be understood. Oil, water, non-freezingsolutions or other fluids, etc., may be used in the flow circuit foreither heating or cooling the bearing and therefore controlling thetemperature thereof. If desired the temperature of the circulatingmaterial may be controlled and maintained at the proper level bythermostatic or other automatic control, not shown.

The intimate bond between the insert ring 5 and the material of thebacking and supporting member 8 greatly increases the rate of transfer,

of heat between them. Particularly is this true where there is a fusedbond between them as this makes them practically an integral struc ure.

Seals or other means 29 of retaining lubricant within the bearing andkeeping out foreign matter of solid or fluid form assure the cleannormal operation of the bearing for many thousands of hours of servicewithout attention.

This process and construction uses the same basic function for itsbimetallic and bimaterial construction as the present standardizedantifriction bearing construction as far as sizes and materials of theraceway ring, balls and retaining elements are concerned. That is, noattempt is made to alter the function of the. balls or rolling elements.

The improved bearing steels of today make possible far greater loadcarrying capacity for a given bearing size load rating so successfullyestablished and accepted by all industries over the entirev world. Theseestablished sizes therefore do not require a bearing ring thickness asgreat as when the sizes were initially established. A small part of thestandard size ring may therefore be made of other material withoutaffecting the proper raceway load carrying function. Thus in thisconstruction the required small balance of the standard section overthat of the raceway ring may be supplied by softer and more easilyworkable material yet fully capable of conservative support of arequired load, the backing up material, however, being of a degree ofhardness to withstand the load from the raceway ring without materiallychanging its repose dimensions. This makes possible major reductions inthe cost of fabrication of the bearing and makes possible a much moreeffective and emcient as well as simple construction and arrangement forcontrolling the temperature of the bearing. The insert or raceway ring 5is made of a thickness at its thinnest point 30 to carry the rollingload as conservatively figured by the established formulas of Streibeckand Hertz for standard solid one-piece bearings so that this insert ringis capable of carrying the normal rolling load independently of thebacking or suportlng memher.

It will be seen that the insert ring 5 forming a raceway or track forthe rolling elements is of less width than the supporting or backingmember 8 so that the sides "of the insert ring are spaced inwardly ofthe sides 32 and 33 of the backing member. It will also be noted thatthe diameter of the face 34 of the insert ring on which the raceway orrolling surface 6 is located is of a different diameter from that ofadjacent surface 35 of the backing or supporting ring member with whichit is associated so that this face of the insert ring is spaced above orinwardly of that of the backing member. This arrangement eliminates thenecessity of accurately finishing and lining up the side surfaces 3| ofthe insert ring, doing away with a large number of chucking operationsrequired in finishing the one-piece solid bearing now generallyemployed. The elimination of a large number of chucking operations thusgreatly reduces the cost of manufacture, increases the percentage ofbearings which are constructed to proper dimensions, thus decreasing thepercentage of rejected bearings, and secures the necessary accuracy withless difllculty; The arrangement also provides plenty of space for thesealing members 29 and plenty of space within the bearing for holdingand retaining sufilcient lubricant for indefinite eflicient operation.

Because the face 34 having the track or raceway is spaced above theadjacent surfaces 35 of the backing member a portion of each side of theinsert ring is exposed and not covered by the metal or material of thebacking member. These uncovered surfaces are important as providinggripping surfaces to be properly gripped and hold the insert ring in thedie by suitable holding means during the casting and molding operationand also for later grinding and finishing of the raceway. If the insertring is merely slid or forced onto the die pin it is very apt not to beheld in the proper position during the casting or molding operation,because as soon as the hot metal or. other material hits it, it isheated and expands faster than the large bulk of the die pin andtherefore the ring loosens on this pin andis liable to be tiltedsideways and otherwise forced out of position by the pressure of thematerial or the metal forced into the mold. With this presentconstruction the insert ring can be gripped and held in the mold by itsopposite sides 3| with no danger of its being loosened by heating fromthe die-casting metal or other material and then forced out of positionby the pressure of this metal or other molding material.

Because the ring can be so gripped and held either during molding orcasting operation or for finishing of the raceway, a large number ofchucking operations are avoided which are necessary in the solid orone-piece bearing now generally employed, thus doing away with alargenumber of variables in the standard bearing and its mounting that causesuch unsatisfactory performance as to lead to rejection by the customer.Basically these variables are due to the many chucking operationsrequired for the many stepby-step operations needed in finishing thebearing ring of the present standard methods of ball bearingmanufacture, and also the variables and errors by the many chucking andfinishing operations in making the multiple parts of the mountings forthese bearings. These errors or variables are cumulative, resulting inmisalignment, cocking of the bearing, wobble and eccentricity, etc. Thisalso applies to all types of ball, roller and thrust bearings. It willbe evident that the diameter surfaces of the rings must be parallel,that the ring surfaces must be parallel, and

that the raceways must be parallel with both faces and diameter, andthat all must be concentric (not eccentric) with each other for uniformor successful bearing performance. If these qualities are not rigidlymaintained, wobble of the rings, of the faces, of the diameters, orother errors or combinations of these faults will quickly cause bearingfailure and wreckage of the bearing.

In the present construction, however, the backing member 8 and racewayring 5 form a standard proportioned bearing as far as the rollingelements and their raceway or track support is concerned, with thebacking or outer section east, molded or bonded to the raceway ring andhaving integral therewith the parts formed with mounting surfaces inexact position and alignment with reference to the raceway surface forthe rolling elements, and this desired relation can be combined with asimple and effective means for controlling and maintaining the propertemperature for the bearing. This is a simple construction in spite ofthese advantages in which a large proportion of the finishing operationsrequired in the usual construction of the bearing ring and the mountingfor the bearing in its support are eliminated. At high speeds thisprovides a far greater degreeof smoothness of operation, as a greatproportion of all factors of machine error, such for example as wobbleand eccentricity, are entirely eliminated.

The inner section of the bearing comprising the insert ring 5a and itsbacking up and'supporting member 23 is constructed as described in myprior application Serial No. 408,267 above noted, the raceway ring beingthe same as ring 5 except reversed to form the opposed track or racewayfor the rolling elements. I

The same basic features are employed in the modified fonns shown in theother figures. In Fig. 2, instead of having the circulating passage forthe temperature controlling medium a separate pipe or tubing, as shownin Fig. 1, they are formed as conduits 36 cored and cast directly in thematerial of the backing member 3. Otherwise the construction andarrangement is the same 88 Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 the similar passages 31 are cast or molded in the backingmember la, but instead of circulating a fluid through them as thetemperature controlling medium, an electric heating unit 38 may belocated in these passages and supplied from any suitable source ofcurrent through any suitable type of control, either automatic ormanual, indicated diagrammatically at 39. If the member 8a is'of metal,then the unit should be insulated therefrom by any suitable insulatingmeans 40, but if the member Ila is of a molded plastic or othernon-electrical conductor the heating element could be directly incontact with the material for even more efficient transfer of heat.

In Fig. 4 instead of having heating or cooling conduits cast into thebacking member 8b a series of radiating fins 4| may be cast, recessed inand bonded to the outer surface of the body or ring portion 42 of thebacking and supporting member and brought closely adjacent to the insertor raceway ring supported in and bonded to the material of the member 42for rapid heat transfer. If cooling air or other fluid is passed overthese fins the bearing will be efllciently cooled, but if heating liquidor fluid is passed over them or they are otherwise heated, the bearingmay be accordingly heated.

The great advantages of this simple construc tion are apparent when weconsider bearing needs for such devices as hot continuous ovens ofprocess industries, annealing, brazing, paintdrying, etc. Also furtherimportant applications are bearings for railway cars such for example asgenerators operating in severe cold, airplanes stored in sub-zero winterweather. with all the auxiliary equipment required to start at highspeed and function perfectly. Others are firecontrol and othercontrolling equipment operating in severe temperatures. The type of Fig.3 using electrical equipment is particularly valuable for supplying heatfor a short time to make positive starting easy in cold weather, or inemergencies it will be of great help in all types of mechanizedequipment.

Especial attention is drawn to that of aircraft engine applicationsusing a supercharger having bearings running at very high temperatures,

which seriously involve lubrication and temper of the steel of thebearings causing them to change size dimensionally in some instances.This can be simply and completely controlled by use of this temperaturecontrolled bearing, either connected to the engine cooling system orother cooled liquid or by separate cooling coil if of aircooled type.Also in aircraft cabin supercharger bearings which run at high speedsand with very high temperatures in the bearings, making them sensitiveto operation, all of which can be most simply controlled by use of thistemperature controlled bearing and connecting to a cooling coil to suitthe application, or leading from the pressure exhaust from the blower tothe cooling coils in the bearing.

In each construction the insert raceway rings may be made of toughhardened steel or other suitable hardened metal, the balance of thebearing members consisting of the backing up and supporting ring sectionand the integral mounting extensions can be made of softer, more readilyworkable materials than the tough hard alloy metal required for theinsert raceway ring, as the load from these insert rings is distributedover large areas. Thus the backing and supporting material for theinsert raceway ring to support and assist in preventing distortion ofthese rings as well as hold them accurately in the proper position canbe of a softer alloy or other molded or cast material. This backingmaterial may be of die casting materials and alloys such for example aszinc, magnesium, aluminum, brass or bronze alloys in common use whichhave excellent physical properties for this compression service, and thebacking-up ring members can be made in a die-casting machine,

plastic molding machine, by permanent mold method, or the centrifugalmold method, etc.

The powder molding methods are particularly adapted for makingthe-backing member and forming it about the raceway ring. This includespowder metallurgy and powder plastics in the many ways of applying them.Thus for example they may include their use as pure powders handledunder very high pressures as in powder metallurgy, or the molding ofmetal powders mixed with a proper percentage of a suitable binder undergreat pressure in molds, the binder acting as a bond for the metalparticles. The use of metallic powders has particular value in thisinvention'to insure rapid conduction of heat away from the bearing underheavy operating conditions of load or speed than would be possible withnon-metallic plastics or similar materials.

To produce the backing up members having inserted raceway rings theinsert rings can be suitably held and accurately positioned in the diesor mold and the liquid or powdered metal poured or cast about them ormolded under pressure to produce a finished ring formed accurately tosize and the mounting surfaces accurately located and aligned, so thatonly sizing operations may be necessary.

In the final finishing the flange II may be clamped in the chuck orholder or against the table of the machine and located by the surfacesI4 or l5. Then the track surface 6 can be ground to the desired finishor size and it can be readily finished in exact radial and axialconcentric alignment with the surfaces I4 or I5 or either of them. Alsothe bearing may be gripped and held by the exposed surfaces 3! on theopposite sides of the track or raceway ring 5 during the finalfinishing, as turning or grinding, of the surfaces I4 and I5 andfinishing or grinding of the track or raceway surface 6. Therefore thesesurfaces can be readily finished and located in exact radial and axialconcentric alignment with each other, as inboth cases they may befinished in the same single chucking operation or set up. Therefore whenthe bearing is mounted on the mounting surface of a housing or frame andlocated by either of the surfaces I4 and I5 the track or raceway isautomatically accurately located in the housing or frame.

It is to be noted that this two-material ring construction wherein theraceway surface provides a very hard standard surface for the balls orrollers of any type of bearing, may have the backing ring or section ofvery light material cast, molded or bonded to the raceway ring, assuringthe very lightest possible weight for such construction applications asaircraft, as well as decrease inthe time required to manufacture and theamount of steel required in the manufacture, thereby conserving vitalmaterials which may be required for other purposes.

I am not, however, limited to the use of metal for the backing-up ormounting rings or sections, but may use other molding materials, asliquids, powders or plastics under high pressure or by centrifugalforce. Thus in addition to the metals and the alloys mentioned may beused acrylic, cellulose acetate, phenolic resins, urea, vinyl, etc.,among the various molding plastics, and the mild soft steels, hard steelalloys, manganese bronzes or other high melt-"1g point alloys for thecentrifugal permanent mold casting method, and for powdered metalsmolded under high pressure either with or without the binder.

The backing and supporting material brings the bearing to standard sizeand the raceway ring is permanently bonded to it or inseparably mountedon it. The terms "bonded" or insepaably mounted include casting, moldingor forming the backing material about or against the ring, controlledatmosphere brazing, brazing, sweating and soldering, or otherwisebonding or connectingso they are inseparable in use and in effect onepiece.

,Throughout the specification and claims I have used the terms casting"and molding as practically synonymous, as castings are formed and shapedin molds and therefore casting is broadly a molding operation. Also,shaping and molding such materials as the nonferrous plastics andpowdered metal may be broadly called a casting operation as they areshaped in molds.

Although hardened steel has been mentioned as the material that wouldprobably be most generally used for the insert raceway ring, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the use of thismaterial. Thus, for example, stainless steel is often required, or theuse of bronze or glass may be required as materials for special jobs,such as would be needed on process industries in the presence of acid ingaseous or liquid form,

In all cases, the backing material is of a degree of hardness to supportthe load from the raceway ring without change from its repose dimensionsas contrasted with a yieldable backing for vibration dampeningapplications.

The track ring may be bonded to the backing member by copper brazing ina controlled atmosphere where the backing member is of a metal ofsufficiently high melting temperature that it would not be melted by theheating operation.

Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim is:

l. A device of the character described comprising a bimaterial unitarystructure including a supporting and mounting member comprising a bodyportion and an integral flange extending radially therefrom forming asupporting and mounting means for the member, a single one piecepreformed continuous hardened metal antifriction bearing raceway ringmounted in the body portion forming a'track for the rolling elements andof suflicient thickness to carry the normal rolling load, saidsupporting and mounting member being of different material than theraceway ring but of a, degree of hardness to withstand the load from thering without materially changing its repose dimensions, said flangebeing provided with a locating and mounting surface adapted to seat on asupporting surface on a supporting housing or frame to locate the ringin the housing or frame, said ring having an outer surface permanentlybonded to the material of the body to hold it permanently in a givenposition in the supporting member whereby the track surface may beflnished with respect to said locating and mounting surface aftermounting of the ring in the supporting member and bonding it thereto sothat the track may be located in exact axial and concentric alignmentwith the locating and mounting surface, and heat transfer meansincorporated in the body portion closely adjacent the raceway ring sothat it is responsive to small temperature changes in the ring tocontrol the temperature thereof and maintain the track in axial andconcentric alignment with the locating and mounting surface.

2. A device of the character described comprising a bimetal unitarystructure including a supporting and mounting member comprising a bodyportion and an integral flange extending radially therefrom forming asupporting and mounting means for the member, a single one piecepreformed continuous hardened metal antifriction bearing raceway ringmounted in the body portion forming a track for the rolling elements andof sumcient thickness to carry the normal rolling load, said supportingand mounting member being of different metal from the ring pressure castto substantially finished size and shape against the ring but of adegree of hardness to withstand the load from the ring withoutmaterially changing its repose dimensions, said flange being providedwith a locating and mounting surface adapted to seat on a supportingsurface on a supporting housing or frame to locate the ring in thehousing or frame, said ring having an unfinished outer surfacepennanently bonded to the metal of the body to hold it permanently in agiven position in the supporting member whereby the track surface may befinished with respect to said locating and mounting surface aftermounting of the ring in the supporting member and bonding it thereto sothat the track may be located in exact axial and concentric alignmentwith the locating and mounting surface, and heat transfer meansincorporated in the body portion closely adjacent the raceway ring sothat it is responsive to small temperature changes in the ring tocontrol the temperature thereof and maintain the track in axial andconcentric alignment with the locating and mounting surface.

3. A device of the character described comprise ing a bimaterial unitarystructure including a supporting and mounting member comprising a bodyportion and an integral flange extending radially therefrom forming asupporting and mounting means for the member, a single one piecepreformed continuous hardened metal anti-friction bearing raceway ringmounted in the body portion forming a track for the rolling elements andof suflicient thickness to carry the normal rolling load, saidsupporting and mounting member being of different material from the ringpressure molded against the ring but of a degree of hardness towithstand the load from the ring without materially changing its reposedimensions, said flange being provided with a locating and mountingsurface adapted to seat on a supporting surface on a supporting housingor frame to locate the ringin the housing or frame, said ring being ofless width than the body portion so that its side walls are spaced inwardly of the opposite side walls of the body portion and the diameterof its face having the track being different from that of thecorresponding face of the body portion so that it is spaced above thislatter face, said ring having an unfinished outer surface permanentlybonded to the material of the body to hold it permanently in a givenposition in the supporting member whereby the track surface may beflnished with respect to said locating and mounting surface aftermounting of the ring in the supporting member and bonding it thereto sothat the track may be located in exact axial and concentric alignmentwith the locating and mounting surface, and heat transfer meansincorporated in the body portion closely adjacent the raceway ring sothat it is responsive to small temperature changes in the ring tocontrol the temperature thereof and maintain the track in axial andconcentric alignment with the locating and mounting surface.

4. A device of the character described comprising a bimetal unitarystructure including asupporting and mounting member comprising a bodyportion and an integral laterally extending portion forming a supportingmeans for the member, a single one piece preformed continuous hardenedmetal anti-friction bearing raceway ring mounted in the body portionforming a track for the rolling elements and of sufficient thickness tocarry the normal rolling load, said supporting and mounting member beingof different metal than the raceway ring pressure cast against the ringand of a degree of hardness to withstand the load without materiallychanging its repose dimensions, said laterally extending portion beingprovided with a locating and mounting surface adapted to seat on asupporting surface on a supporting housing or frame to locate the ringin the housing or frame, said ring being of less width than the bodyportion so that its side walls are spaced inwardly of the opposite sidewalls of the body portion and the diameter of its face having the trackbeing different mounting of the ring in the supporting member andbonding it thereto so that the track may be located in exact axial andconcentric alignment with the locating and mounting surface, and heattransfer means incorporated in the body portion closely adjacent theraceway ring so that it is responsive to small temperature changes inthe ring to control the temperature thereof and maintain the track inaxial and concentric alignment with the locating and mounting surface.

5. A device of the character described comprising a bimetal unitarystructure including a supporting member, a single one piece preformedcontinuous hardened metal anti-friction bearing raceway ring mounted insaid member forming a track for the rolling elements and of sufficientthickness to carry the normal rolling load, said supporting and backingmember being of different metal pressure cast against the ring andprovided with a locating and mounting surface adapted to seat on asupporting surface on a supporting housing or frame to locate the ringin the housing or frame, said ring having an outer surface permanentlybonded to the metal of the supporting member to hold it permanently in agiven position in said member whereby the track surface may be finishedwith respect to the said locating and mounting surface after mount ringof the ring in the supporting member and bonding it thereto so that thetrack may be lo. cated in exact axial and concentric alignment with thelocating and mounting surface, and heat from that of the adjacentsurfaceof the body member so that it is spaced above this latter member, saidraceway ring having an unfinished outer surface permanently bonded tothe metal of the body to hold it permanently in a given position in thesupporting member whereby the track surface may be finished with respectto said locating and mounting surface after transfer means incorporatedin the supporting member closely adjacent the raceway ring sothat it isresponsive to small temperature changes in the ring to control thetemperature thereof and maintain the track in axial and concentricalignment with the locating and mounting surface.

GEORGE H. IENDALL-

